Methods, computer program products, and systems for automatically synchronizing directory structures across different applications

ABSTRACT

Directory structures of a messaging application and a personal file manager application are synchronized. A designated layer in the directory structure of the messaging application is associated with the designated layer in the directory structure of the personal file manager application. Each time a folder is created or an existing folder is modified or deleted in the designated layer in the directory structure of the messaging application, a corresponding folder is created, modified, or deleted in the designated layer in the directory structure of the personal file manager application and vice versa. Files or links to files are created in the folders of the messaging application to correspond to files or links to files within folders in the personal file manager application, and vice versa. A folder (and its contents) is deleted in the messaging application to correspond to deletions in the personal file manager application, and vice versa.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present U.S. Utility Patent Application claims priority pursuant to35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No.14/341,958, entitled “METHODS, COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS, AND SYSTEMSFOR AUTOMATICALLY SYNCHRONIZING DIRECTORY STRUCTURES ACROSS DIFFERENTAPPLICATIONS”, filed Jul. 28, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S.Utility application Ser. No. 12/275,312, entitled “METHODS, COMPUTERPROGRAM PRODUCTS, AND SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATICALLY SYNCHRONIZING DIRECTORYSTRUCTURES ACROSS DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS,” filed Nov. 21, 2008, issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 8,799,214 on Aug. 5, 2014, all of which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made part of thepresent U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates to directory structure synchronization, and,more particularly, to synchronization of directory structures acrossdifferent applications.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND

Today, users of messaging services, such as Microsoft Outlook, andpersonal file management services, such as Windows Explorer, mustmaintain separate directory structures for each instance of thoseapplications. For example, the directory structure of a personal filedirectory (viewed, e.g., in Windows Explorer) has no relationship to thedirectory structure that is used to store emails (viewed, e.g., inOutlook), unless the user manually creates a relationship between thedirectory structures and continues to align them. While it is possibleto manually copy messages from a messaging application to a personalfile manager application, the latter application would not show usefulinformation, such as “from” and “to” headers associated with themessage. Similarly, while it is possible to manually copy a file storedin a personal file manager application to a folder in a messagingapplication, the latter application does not usually display the filetype (e.g., Microsoft Word, Adobe Acrobat), and regular practice of thiswould bloat the associated .pst files, which can be somewhat prone tocorruption.

There is no apparent reason to assume that users would want to organizemessages any differently from the way they organize personal files. Muchtime is frequently wasted in searching for messages and files stored inthe directory structures of different applications because there is nooption for automatically aligning the directory structures of thedifferent applications. Even if automatic alignment of the directorystructures was possible, some time would still be wasted as a result ofhaving to propagate the contents of one application into thecorresponding directory locales of the alternate application, ratherthan having the contents automatically aligned and being able to seeboth files and messages within either application.

SUMMARY

It should be appreciated that this Summary is provided to introduce aselection of concepts in a simplified form, the concepts being furtherdescribed below in the Detailed Description. This summary is notintended to identify key features or essential features of thisdisclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a method for synchronizingdirectory structures of a messaging application and a personal filemanager application is provided. The method includes receiving adesignation of at least one layer in a directory structure of themessaging application, receiving a designation of at least one layer ina directory structure of the personal file manager application, andassociating the designated layer in the directory structure of themessaging application with the designated layer in the directorystructure of the personal file manager application. Each time a folderis created or an existing folder is modified or deleted in thedesignated layer in the directory structure of the messagingapplication, a corresponding folder (including corresponding foldercontents) is created, modified, or deleted in the designated layer inthe directory structure of the personal file manager application. Eachtime a folder is created or an existing folder is modified or deleted inthe designated layer in the directory structure of the personal filemanager application, a corresponding folder (including correspondingfolder contents) is created, modified, or deleted in the designatedlayer in the directory structure of the messaging application.

According to another embodiment, a computer program product is providedcomprising a computer readable medium having encoded instructions. Theencoded instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer toreceive a designation of at least one layer in a directory structure ofa messaging application, receive a designation of at least one layer ina directory structure of the personal file manager application, andassociate the designated layer in the directory structure of themessaging application with the designated layer in the directorystructure of the personal file manager application. Each time a folderis created or an existing folder is modified or deleted in thedesignated layer in the directory structure of the messagingapplication, a corresponding folder (including corresponding foldercontents) is created, modified or deleted in the designated layer in thedirectory structure of the personal file manager application. Each timea folder is created or an existing folder is modified or deleted in thedesignated layer in the directory structure of the personal file managerapplication, a corresponding folder (including corresponding foldercontents) is created, modified, or deleted in the designated layer inthe directory structure of the messaging application.

According to another embodiment, a system is provided for synchronizingdirectory structures of a messaging application and a personal filemanager application. The system includes an input for receiving adesignation of at least one layer in a directory structure of themessaging application and receiving a designation of at least one layerin the directory structure of the personal file manager application. Thesystem further includes a processor for associating the designated layerin the directory structure of the messaging application with thedesignated layer in the directory structure of the personal file managerapplication. Each time a folder is created or an existing folder ismodified or deleted in the designated layer in the directory structureof the messaging application, the processor creates, modifies, ordeletes a corresponding folder (including corresponding folder contents)in the designated layer in the directory structure of the personal filemanager application. Each time a folder is created or an existing folderis modified or deleted in an existing folder in the designated layer inthe directory structure of the personal file manager application, theprocessor creates, modifies, or deletes a corresponding folder(including corresponding folder contents) in the designated layer in thedirectory structure of the messaging application.

Other systems, methods, and/or computer program products according tovarious embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill in theart upon review of the following drawings and detailed description. Itis intended that all such additional systems, methods, and/or computerprogram products be included within this description, be within thescope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanyingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment in which directory structuresynchronization may be implemented according to exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D depict exemplary screen shots of a userinterface for directory structure synchronization according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for directorystructure synchronization according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary system for performing directorystructure synchronization according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying figures, in which embodiments are shown.This invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms andshould not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to blockdiagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (systemsand/or devices) and/or computer program products. It is understood thata block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions.These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of ageneral purpose computer, special purpose computer, digital signalprocessor and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to producea machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processorof the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus,create means (functionality) and/or structure for implementing thefunctions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block orblocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a processor of the computerand/or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in aparticular manner, such that the instructions stored in thecomputer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture includinginstructions which implement the function/act as specified in the blockdiagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computerand/or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer and/or otherprogrammable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process suchthat the instructions which execute on the computer or otherprogrammable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/actsspecified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware and/orin software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.)that runs on a processor such as a digital signal processor,collectively referred to as “circuitry” or “a circuit”. Furthermore,exemplary embodiments may take the form of a computer program productcomprising a computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium havingcomputer-usable or computer-readable program code embodied in the mediumfor use by or in connection with an instruction execution system. In thecontext of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable mediummay be any medium that can contain, store, communicate or transport theprogram for use by or in connection with the instruction executionsystem, apparatus, or device.

The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example butnot limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic orsemiconductor system, apparatus or device. More specific examples (anon-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include thefollowing: a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), and a portable optical and/or magnetic media, such asa flash disk or CD-ROM.

It should also be noted that in some alternate implementations, thefunctions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted inthe flowcharts. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in factbe executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes beexecuted in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/actsinvolved. Moreover, the functionality of a given block of the flowchartsand/or block diagrams may be separated into multiple blocks and/or thefunctionality of two or more blocks of the flowcharts and/or blockdiagrams may be at least partially integrated. Finally, other blocks maybe added/inserted between the blocks that are illustrated.

For ease of explanation, in the description that follows, an explanationof folder alignment in directory structures of a messaging applicationand a personal file manager application is provided. However, it shouldbe appreciated that alignment of entire directories of many differentapplications may be performed in a similar manner.

FIG. 1 illustrates an environment 100 in which directory structuresynchronization may be implemented according to exemplary embodiments.In the environment 100 shown in FIG. 1, various devices, including,e.g., a laptop 110, a personal computer (PC) 120, and a personal digitalassistant (PDA) 130 are connected via a network 140. The network 140 maybe a private network, a public network, or a combination thereof, andmay be implemented as an Internet Protocol (IP) based network or incompliance with another network protocol. For example, the network 140may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), theInternet, or a combination thereof. It should be appreciated that thedevices shown in FIG. 1 connected to the network 140 are examples ofdevices that may be used in a directory structure synchronizationenvironment, such as the environment 100, and are depicted forillustrative purposes. The directory structure synchronizationenvironment 100 may include any device capable of storing an electronicfile. Further, although the environment 100 shown in FIG. 1 is anetworked environment, it should be appreciated that directory structuresynchronization may also be performed locally.

According to exemplary embodiments, a software component, which may bereferred to as an alignment module (AM) 150 may be included in one ormore of the devices 110, 120, and 130. The software component may belocal or network-based. According to one embodiment, the alignmentmodule 150 may be installed and activated as part of installation of adevice, so that the user can immediately benefit from the directorystructure alignment or synchronization. As an alternative, the alignmentmodule 150 may be installed on existing devices.

The alignment module 150 synchronizes or aligns dissimilar directorystructures of different types of applications, such as a messagingapplication and a personal file manager application, within one or moreof the devices 110, 120, and 130. The directory structures of thedifferent types of applications may have several layers. For example,the directory structure of a messaging application may have a “work”folder containing several subfolders for different projects, e.g.,design, marketing and manufacturing. Each of the folders and subfoldersmay, in turn, contain several sub-folders, files, or links to files(described in further detail below).

According to exemplary embodiments, directory structure alignment mayoccur at various layers within the directory structures. For example,for new directory structures, a user may designate a base directory ofthe messaging application and designate a root directory of the personalfile manager application. The user may designate these directories via agraphical user interface 160 included in the devices 110, 120, and 130.The alignment module 150 associates the designated base directory andthe designated root directory.

As another example, an existing multi-layer directory structure of oneapplication may be aligned with a new directory structure of anotherapplication. In this case, a user may designate a root or base directoryfor the new directory structure as well as subdirectories correspondingto subdirectories in the existing directory structure. Then, thealignment module 150 associates the layers of the new directorystructure with the corresponding layers of the existing directorystructure. In yet another example, two dissimilar existing directorystructures may be aligned by associating various layers of the directorystructures. In each of these two scenarios, where there is an existingdirectory structure, the folders and folder contents included in thedesignated layer of a directory structure of one application are copiedto the associated designated layer of the directory structure of theother application, such that corresponding folders and folder contentsare created in the associated designated layer of the directorystructure of the other application.

According to one aspect of exemplary embodiments, directory structuresynchronization, also referred to as directory structure alignment, mayoccur automatically if desired by the user.

According to another aspect of exemplary embodiments, the user maydesignate multiple instances of each application for which alignmentshould occur automatically, so that multiple pairs of messagingapplication directory structures and personal file manager applicationdirectory structures are automatically aligned with one another. Theuser may designate the instances of each application to be aligned via,e.g., the GUI 160. Thus, for example, a directory structure of a “home”instance of the messaging application may be aligned with the directorystructure of a “home” instance of the personal file manager application.Similarly, a directory structure of a “work” instance of the same or adifferent messaging application may be aligned with the directorystructure of a “work” instance of the same or a different personal filemanager application. In this way, home emails and work emails may bealigned separately with home files and work files, respectively. Asanother example, emails and personal files relating to multiple customeraccounts may be aligned separately.

According to an exemplary embodiment, each time a user creates a newdirectory or folder in the designated messaging application, ananalogous directory or folder is created in the personal file managerapplication by the alignment module 150. Similarly, creation of a newdirectory or folder in the designated personal file manager applicationtriggers the creation of an analogous directory or folder in thedesignated messaging application. Thus, the same directory structure ismaintained on both the messaging application and the personal filemanager application. Directory/folder deletions and modifications maylikewise be replicated across both applications. As an option, deleteddirectories/folders may be archived to a separate location, such as anetwork drive. As directories and folders are created/modified/deletedacross applications, the corresponding directory/folder contents(including, e.g. sub-folders, files, and/or links to files) are alsocreated/modified/deleted.

Referring again to FIG. 1, if the alignment module 150 is used on themultiple devices 110, 120, and 130, and the devices are to besynchronized, the devices may communicate information regarding foldercreation, modification, and deletions between one another. Thus, forexample, if a folder is created in a directory structure of a messagingapplication in one of the devices, such as the laptop 110, the user maydesire that this information be transmitted to other devices, e.g., thePC 120 and the PDA 130, so that that the directory structures of themessaging applications and the personal file manager applications of allthe devices 110, 120, and 130 are synchronized. As the laptop 110creates or modifies/deletes a folder created in the directory structureof the messaging application in the directory of the personal filemanager application of the laptop 110, the PC 120 and the PDA 130 mayalso update the directory structures in their respective messagingapplications and personal file manager applications to reflectcreation/modification/deletion of the folder (including folder contents)in the directory structure of the messaging application of the laptop110. Similarly, if a folder is created/modified/deleted in a directorystructure of the personal file manager application on one of the devices110, 120, 130, a corresponding folder (including corresponding foldercontents) may be created/modified/deleted in the directory structures ofthe personal file manager applications of the other devices as well asin the directory structures of the messaging applications of each of thedevices.

In addition to copying folders (and folder contents) in associateddirectory structures in different applications, according to anexemplary embodiment, the alignment module 150 may create links to filesincluded in associated directories. Thus, for example, when a message inthe messaging application is created, moved, or received, the alignmentmodule 150 may create a link to that message in the associated directoryin the personal file manager application. Similarly, if a new file iscreated or modified in a directory in the personal file managerapplication, the alignment module 150 may create a link to that file inthe associated directory in the messaging application.

According to one embodiment, the user may be offered the option ofcopying a file or a message from one application to another instead ofcreating a link to a file or a message as described above. This optionmay be offered to a user, e.g., when a user creates a new folder, via,e.g., the GUI 160. The user may select whether a copy of each item in adirectory structure of one application should be replicated in theassociated directory structure of another application or whether a linkshould be created in the associated directory structure that a user mayselect to invoke the item and its associated application.

As explained above, folder contents may include sub-folders, files,and/or links to files. Thus, when one folder is created or modified inone application, the corresponding folder and folder contents (that mayinclude a tree of folders and files or links) in the other applicationare created/modified. Similarly, when a folder is deleted in oneapplication, the corresponding folder and folder contents (that mayinclude a tree of folders and files or links) in the other applicationare deleted. According to an exemplary embodiment, once the folderlinkages have been established, any creation/modification/deletion ofany folder contents is then propagated to all designated “linked”folders. Folder linkages continue to remain aligned until the userchanges the directory structure designation or other settings.

In addition to enabling directory synchronization, the alignment module150 enables users to view messages through a personal file managerapplication browser and view personal files through a messagingapplication browser. This viewing may occur via, for example, thegraphical user interface 160 included in a device including thealignment module 150.

FIGS. 2A-2D depict exemplary screen shots of a user interface fordirectory structure synchronization according to an exemplaryembodiment. These screen shots may be viewed using a graphical userinterface, such as the GUI 160. Referring to FIG. 2A, a screen shot 210Aviewed via a browser of a messaging application, e.g., MicrosoftOutlook, is shown. In FIG. 2B, a screen shot 220A viewed via a browserof a personal file manager application, e.g., Windows Explorer, isshown. Comparing the screen shots and 210A and 220A, it can be seen thatthe Inbox folder of the messaging application is synchronized with afolder named “Inbox” in the personal file manager application. Asexplained above, when a message in the messaging application is created,moved, or received, the alignment module 150 copies the message orcreates a link to that message in the associated directory in thepersonal file manager application. Similarly, if a new file is createdor modified in a directory in the personal file manager application, thealignment module 150 copies the file or creates a link to that file inthe associated directory in the messaging application

Thus, for example, referring to FIG. 2A, “Test Email 1”, “Test Email 2”,and “Telephone Numbers” are email messages in Outlook. As shown in FIG.2B, links to these messages are created and appear in the Inbox folderin Explorer. The files entitled “Cursory Search Results and DiagramsNeeded”, “Midtown 2 Seating chart”, “Telephone Log” and “To do list”shown in FIG. 2B correspond to files created and saved in the Inboxfolder in Explorer. As shown in FIG. 2A, copies of these files arecreated in the Demo Folder I Inbox folder within Outlook.

As another example, referring to FIGS. 2C and 2D, a screen shot 210Bviewed via a browser of a messaging application, e.g., MicrosoftOutlook, is shown in FIG. 2C, and a screen shot 220B viewed via abrowser of a personal file manager application, e.g., Windows Explorer,is shown in FIG. 2D. Comparing FIGS. 2C and 2D and, it can be seen thatthe embedded directory structure of the Outlook application isreplicated in the Explorer application. For example, both FIGS. 2C and2D depict a directory structure including a Demo Directory folder havingan Admin folder embedded within it, with a Health Insurance folderembedded within the Admin folder. As shown in FIG. 2C, the HealthInsurance folder in Outlook includes an email message entitled“Important benefits telephone numbers” created in Outlook and copies ofthree other files created in Explorer. As shown in FIG. 2D, the HealthInsurance folder in Explorer includes the files created in Explorer anda link to the email created in Outlook.

As shown in FIGS. 2A-2D, the files and messages viewable in the browsersof the messaging application and the personal file manager applicationmay appear with application-related icons indicating the applicationname or type of application associated with a file or message as well asan indicator indicating the type of file or message. For example, inFIG. 2B, the files labeled “Telephone Number”, “Test email 1”, and “Testemail 2” each appear with an icon indicating a link to an email messageand a text file type indicator specifying that the link is stored as atext file. Alternatively, if these files were copied from the messagingapplication to the personal file manager application (rather than havinglinks created in the personal file manager application), text iconsrather than link icons may appear. The files labeled “Midtown 2 SeatingChart”, “Telephone Log”, and “To Do List” each appears with a MicrosoftWord icon and an indicator specifying that the file is a MicrosoftOffice document. The “Cursory Search Results and Diagrams Needed” itemappears with an icon and an indicator specifying that the file is anMHTML document. Similarly, the files illustrated in FIG. 2A may appearwith application-related icons. Also, information regarding the time anddate the file or message was modified or created may be displayed.Further, the files and messages replicated between the messagingapplication and the personal file manager may include not only thefile/message content but also header information, such as the title. Forexample, referring to FIGS. 2C and 2D, the email message entitled“Important benefits telephone numbers” that is created via the messagingapplication is replicated as a link into the designated directory of thepersonal file manager application with the same title.

It should be appreciated that the icons and message/file type indicatordescribed above are given as one example. The information that appearsin the browser along with the replicated file or message may becustomized by the user and may reflect locally-stored associationsbetween file types and applications.

Referring again to FIGS. 2A and 2C, the messaging application includesvarious fields, e.g., a FROM field, a SUBJECT field, a SIZE field, and aRECEIVED field. The messaging application may also include a TO field.According to an exemplary embodiment, when files or links to files inthe personal file manager application are copied/created in themessaging folder, these fields are populated with information from thepersonal file manager application. For example, the TO and FROM fieldsof the messaging application may be populated with a user's name drawnfrom the personal file manager application. The SUBJECT field of themessaging application may be populated with the name of a file drawnfrom the personal file manager application. The SIZE field of themessaging application may be populated with the size of a file drawnfrom the personal file manager application. The RECEIVED field of themessaging application may be populated with a creation or modificationdate of a file drawn from the personal file manager application. Also, aFILE TYPE field may be created for the messaging application. The FILETYPE field may be populated with a type of file drawn from the personalfile manager application.

Referring to FIGS. 2B and 2D, the personal file manager applicationincludes various fields, e.g., a NAME field, a DATE MODIFIED field, anda TYPE field. The personal file manager application may also include aSIZE field (not shown). According to an exemplary embodiment, whenmessages or links to messages in the messaging application arecopied/created in the personal file manager application, these fieldsare populated with information from the messaging application. Forexample, the NAME field of the personal file manager application may bepopulated with the subject of a message drawn from the messagingapplication. The DATE MODIFIED field of the personal file managerapplication may be populated with a date received drawn from themessaging application. The TYPE field of the personal file managerapplication may be populated with the word TEXT, regardless of whether alink to the message is created or a copy of the message is created. TheSIZE field of the personal file manager application may be populatedwith a size of a message drawn from the messaging application.

According to exemplary embodiments, the fields of the personal filemanager application and the messaging application may be automaticallypopulated or populated based upon user specifications. Thus, the userhas the option of deciding which fields of a file in the personal filemanager application to preserve when a file is copied or a link to thefile is created in the messaging application. Similarly, the user hasthe option of deciding which fields of a message in the messagingapplication to preserve when a message is copied or a link to themessage is created in the personal file manager application. The usermay select which fields to preserve via, e.g., the GUI 160.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process 300 fordirectory synchronization according to an exemplary embodiment. At step310, a designation of a layer in a directory structure of the messagingapplication is received by the alignment module 150. At step 320, adesignation of a layer in a directory structure of the personal filemanager application is received at the alignment module 150. It shouldbe appreciated that the order of steps 310 and 320 may be reversed.Further, these steps may occur at the same time. The designation of thelayers in the directory structures of the messaging application and thepersonal file manager application may be made by a user by entering thenames of the layers via a graphical user interface, such as the GUI 160.At step 330, the alignment module 150 associates the designated layer inthe directory structure of the messaging application with the designatedlayer in the directory structure of the personal file managerapplication.

At step 340, as a folder is created or modified in the designated layerin the directory structure of the messaging application, a correspondingfolder (including corresponding folder contents) is created or modifiedin the designated layer in the directory structure of the personal filemanager application by the alignment module 150. At step 350, as afolder is created or modified in the designated layer in the directorystructure of the personal file manager application, a correspondingfolder (including corresponding folder contents) is created or modifiedin the designated layer in the directory structure of the messagingapplication by the alignment module 150. It should be appreciated thatsteps 340 and 350 may be performed in reverse order or at the same time.Also, steps 340 and 350 may be repeated each time a folder is created ormodified.

Although not shown in FIG. 3, it should be appreciated that each time afolder and its contents are deleted from the messaging application orthe personal file manager application, a corresponding folder and itscontents may be deleted from the personal file manager application orthe messaging application, respectively.

It should be appreciated that while FIG. 3 and the description above aredirected towards bidirectional alignment of directory structures ofdifferent applications, the user may select unidirectional alignment ofdirectory structures of different applications. This selection may bemade, e.g., via the GUI 160.

As noted above, the user has many options for customizing directorystructure alignment. For example, the user may select instances ofapplications for which directory structures are synchronized, selectfields of a message header of a message in the messaging applicationthat are preserved when a corresponding message is created in thepersonal file manager application, and select fields of a file in thepersonal file manager application that are preserved when acorresponding file is created in the messaging application. In addition,the user may select whether directory structure alignment occursbidirectionally, such that the directory structure of the messagingapplication is aligned with the directory structure of the personal filemanager application and the directory structure of the file managerapplication is aligned with the directory structure of the messagingapplication, or unidirectionally, such that either the directorystructure of the messaging application is aligned with the directorystructure of the personal file manager or the directory structure of thepersonal file manager is aligned with the directory structure of themessaging application. Also, the user may select application settings,such as turning the synchronization function on or off globally or on aper-structure basis, and setting preferences, such as whethercorresponding directory folder deletions are performed automatically orafter some delete confirmation prompt is presented and confirmed. Eachof these selections may be performed via the GUI 160.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary system 400 for performing directorystructure synchronization according to an exemplary embodiment. In someembodiments, the system may be included in multiple networked devices,e.g., devices 110, 120, and 130 shown in FIG. 1. In other embodiments,the system may be included in one or fewer devices. Thus, directorystructure synchronization may be performed via a network or locally.

Referring now to FIG. 4, the directory structure synchronization system400 includes a processor 435 and a memory 405. The processor 435communicates with the memory 405 via an address/data bus. The processor435 may be, for example, a commercially available or custommicroprocessor. The memory 405 is representative of the one or morememory devices containing the software and data used to facilitatedirectory synchronization in accordance with some embodiments. Thememory 405 may include, but is not limited to, the following types ofdevices: cache, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash, SRAM, and DRAM. Thesystem may also include a transceiver 440 in communication with theprocessor 435. The transceiver 440 includes a transmitter circuit and areceiver circuit, which may be used to establish and maintaincommunication with other devices, e.g., for networked directorysynchronization.

As shown in FIG. 4, the memory 405 may contain multiple categories ofsoftware and/or data, including an operating system 410, an optionalcommunication module 415, an alignment module 420, a messagingapplication 425, and a personal file manager application 430. Theoperating system 410 generally controls the operation of the alignmentmodule 420, the messaging application 425 and the personal file managerapplication 430. In particular, the operating system 410 may manage thesoftware and/or hardware resources of the alignment module 420, themessaging application 425, and the personal file manager application 430and may coordinate execution of programs by the processor 435. Theoptional communication module 415 may be configured to manage thecommunication protocols, including both wireless and wireline protocols,that are used by the transceiver 440 to communicate with other devices,via, e.g., the network 140 as shown in FIG. 1.

Although FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary system for performing directorysynchronization accordance with some embodiments, it will be understoodthat the present invention is not limited to such a configuration but isintended to encompass any configuration capable of carrying outoperations described herein.

Computer program code for carrying out operations of devices, terminals,and/or systems discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-4 may be writtenin a high level programming language, such as Java, C, and/or C++, fordevelopment convenience. In addition, computer program code for carryingout operations of embodiments may also be written in other programminglanguages, such as, but not limited to, interpreted languages. Somemodules or routines may be written in assembly language or even microcode to enhance performance and/or memory usage. It will be furtherappreciated that the functionality of any or all of the program modulesmay also be implemented using discrete hardware components, one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or a programmeddigital signal processor or microcontroller.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to messageflow, flowchart and/or block diagram illustrations of methods, devices,and/or computer program products. These message flow, flowchart and/orblock diagrams further illustrate exemplary operations for performingdirectory synchronization in accordance with various embodiments. Itwill be understood that each message/block of the message flow,flowchart and/or block diagram illustrations, and combinations ofmessages/blocks in the message flow, flowchart and/or block diagramillustrations, may be implemented by computer program instructionsand/or hardware operations. These computer program instructions may beprovided to a processor of a general purpose computer, a special purposecomputer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce amachine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor ofthe computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, createmeans for implementing the functions specified in the message flow,flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerusable or computer-readable memory that may direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable orcomputer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture includinginstructions that implement the function specified in the message flow,flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that theinstructions that execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in themessage flow, flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

Many different embodiments have been disclosed herein, in connectionwith the above description and the drawings. It will be understood thatit would be unduly repetitious and obfuscating to literally describe andillustrate every combination and subcombination of these embodiments.Accordingly, the present specification, including the drawings, shall beconstrued to constitute a complete written description of allcombinations and subcombinations of the embodiments described herein,and of the manner and process of making and using them, and shallsupport claims to any such combination or subcombination.

In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodimentsof the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the followingclaims.

1. A method for synchronizing directory structures, comprising:receiving, by a processor of a first computing device on which a firstapplication having a first directory structure resides, a seconddirectory structure of a second application residing on a secondcomputing device; associating, by the processor, the first directorystructure with the second directory structure; and responsive to achange in the first directory structure including a change in a firstfile of the first directory structure, causing an offer to selectbetween at least two options to be presented for display via the secondcomputing device, wherein the two options include: i) a copying optionto copy the first file to the second directory structure and ii) acreating a link option to create a link to the first file in the seconddirectory structure; wherein, responsive to selection of the copyingoption, the first file is copied to the second directory structure; andwherein responsive to selection of the creating the link option, thelink to the first file is created in the second directory structure. 2.The method of claim 1, further comprising: responsive to a change in thesecond directory structure including a change in a second file of thesecond directory, causing another offer to select between at least twoother options to be presented for display via the second computingdevice, wherein the two other options include: i) another copying optionto copy the second file to the first directory structure and ii) anothercreating a link option to create a link to the second file in the firstdirectory structure; wherein responsive to selection of the othercopying option, the second file is copied to the first directorystructure; and wherein responsive to selection of the other creating thelink option, the link to the second file is created in the firstdirectory structure.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstapplication is distinct from the second application.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein the first application is a messaging application, andthe second application is a personal file manager application.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the change in the first directory structureincludes at least one of addition of a sub directory comprisingdirectory contents and creation of a folder.
 6. The method of claim 2,wherein the change in the second directory structure includes at leastone of addition of a sub directory comprising directory contents andcreation of a folder.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving, by the processor, a third directory structure of a thirdapplication residing on a third computing device; associating, by theprocessor, the third directory structure with the first directorystructure of the first application residing on the first computingdevice.
 8. A computer-readable storage device residing on a firstcomputing device having a first application with a first directorystructure, the computer-readable storage device comprisingcomputer-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor, causethe processor to perform operations for synchronizing directorystructures, comprising: receiving a second directory structure of asecond application residing on a second computing device; associatingthe first directory structure with the second directory structure; andresponsive to a change in the first directory structure including achange in a first file of the first directory structure, causing anoffer to select between at least two options to be presented for displayvia the second computing device, wherein the two options include: i) acopying option to copy the first file to the second directory structureand ii) a creating a link option to create a link to the first file inthe second directory structure; wherein, responsive to selection of thecopying option, the first file is copied to the second directorystructure; and wherein responsive to selection of the creating the linkoption, the link to the first file is created in the second directorystructure.
 9. The computer-readable storage device of claim 8, whereinthe operations further comprise: responsive to a change in the seconddirectory structure, the change including a change in a second file ofthe second directory structure, causing another offer to select betweenat least two other options be displayed via the second computing,wherein the two other options include: i) another copying option to copythe second file to the first directory structure and ii) anothercreating a link option to create a link to the second file in the firstdirectory structure; wherein responsive to selection of the othercopying option, the second file is copied to the first directorystructure; and wherein responsive to selection of the other creating thelink option, the link to the second file is created in the firstdirectory structure.
 10. The computer-readable storage device of claim8, wherein the first application is distinct from the secondapplication.
 11. The computer-readable storage device of claim 9,wherein the first application is a messaging application, and the secondapplication is a personal file manager application.
 12. Thecomputer-readable storage device of claim 8, wherein the change in thefirst directory structure includes at least one of addition of a subdirectory comprising directory contents and creation of a folder. 13.The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the change inthe second directory structure includes at least one of addition of asub directory comprising directory contents and creation of a folder.14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 8, wherein theoperations further comprise: receiving a third directory structure of athird application residing on a third computing device; and associatingthe third directory structure with the first directory structure of thefirst application residing on the first computing device.
 15. Acomputing device comprising: a processor; and a memory having storedthereon a first application having a first directory structure andinstructions which, when executed by the processor of the computingdevice, cause the processor to perform operations for synchronizingdirectory structures, comprising: receiving a second directory structureof a second application residing on another computing device;associating the first directory structure with the second directorystructure; and responsive to a change in the first directory structureincluding a change in a first file of the first directory structure,causing an offer to select between at least two options to be presentedfor display via the other computing device, wherein the two optionsinclude: i) a copying option to copy the first file to the seconddirectory structure and ii) a creating a link option to create a link tothe first file in the second directory structure; wherein, responsive toselection of the copying option, the first file is copied to the seconddirectory structure; and wherein responsive to selection of the creatingthe link option, the link to the first file is created in the seconddirectory structure.
 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein theoperations further comprise: responsive to a change in the seconddirectory structure, the change including a change in a second file ofthe second directory structure, causing another offer to select betweenat least two other options be displayed via the other computing device,wherein the two other options include: i) another copying option to copythe second file to the first directory structure and ii) anothercreating a link option to create a link to the second file in the firstdirectory structure; wherein responsive to selection of the othercopying option, the second file is copied to the first directorystructure; and wherein responsive to selection of the other creating thelink option, the link to the second file is created in the firstdirectory structure.
 17. The computing device of claim 15, wherein thefirst application is distinct from the second application.
 18. Thecomputing device of claim 15, wherein the first application is amessaging application, and the second application is a personal filemanager application.
 19. The computing device of claim 15, wherein thechange in the first directory structure includes at least one ofaddition of a sub directory comprising directory contents and creationof a folder.
 20. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the change inthe second directory structure includes at least one of addition of asub directory comprising directory contents and creation of a folder.